Vision measuring machines help check the size and shape of parts without touching them. They use cameras and lights to take pictures and measure items. This article covers the types and how they work. We will explain each part in detail so you can understand it better. These machines are key in factories for quality control.
What is a Vision Measuring Machine?
A VMM machine is a tool that uses optics to measure objects. It has a camera, lights, and a stage where you place the part. The machine takes images and uses software to find edges and calculate sizes. This is useful because it does not damage the part, unlike tools that touch it.
These machines started in the 1980s and have improved with better cameras and computers. Now, they can measure tiny details fast. They are common in car making, electronics, and medical device production. The main parts include the base, the moving stage, the optical system, and the control software.
The base holds everything steady. The stage moves the part under the camera. The optical system has lenses to zoom in. Software processes the images to give measurements like length, width, or angles.
Working Principles of Vision Measuring Machines
The basic idea is to capture light reflections from the object. Light shines on the part, and the camera records the image. Software then looks for changes in brightness to find edges.
First, place the part on the stage. The machine moves the stage to position the part under the lens. Lights can be from above, below, or the side to highlight features. The camera takes a photo or video.
Next, the software uses algorithms to detect edges. It looks for where light and dark meet. This creates points or lines that represent the shape. The machine then calculates distances between these points.
For accuracy, calibration is important. You use a known standard, like a glass scale, to set the machine. This ensures measurements are correct, often to within 0.001 mm.
Some machines use multiple cameras for 3D views. Others add probes for touch measurements combined with vision. The process is quick, often taking seconds per part.
Power comes from electricity, and computers run the software. Users input what to measure, and the machine does the rest. Results show on a screen or save to a file.
Types of Vision Measuring Machines
There are several types based on how they operate and their design. Each suits different needs.
Manual Vision Measuring Machines
Manual types require a person to move the stage by hand. You use joysticks or wheels to position the part. The camera shows the image on a screen, and you click to mark points.
These are simple and cost less. They work well for small shops or when checking a few parts. Accuracy depends on the user, but good ones can measure to 0.005 mm. They are easy to learn and maintain.
One limit is speed. For many parts, it takes time. Still, for custom work, they are a good start.
Semi-Automatic Vision Measuring Machines
Semi-automatic ones mix hand control with auto features. You set the part and program simple paths. The machine moves itself for repeat measurements but needs user input for setup.
They have motors on the stage for precise moves. Software helps with edge detection without full manual clicks. This type is faster than manual and good for medium production.
Costs are higher than manual but lower than full auto. They fit labs or small factories where some user control is needed.
Fully Automatic Vision Measuring Machines
Fully automatic, or CNC types, run on their own after setup. You program the path, and the machine measures many parts without help. They use servo motors for fast, accurate moves.
These are best for high-volume work, like in big factories. They can check hundreds of parts per hour. Accuracy is high, often 0.001 mm or better. Software can even sort good and bad parts.
The downside is the high price and need for skilled programmers. But they save time and reduce errors.
Bridge-Type Vision Measuring Machines
Bridge types have a bridge structure over the stage. The camera moves on the bridge while the stage stays or moves little. This design is stable for large parts.
They handle items up to 1 meter or more. Used in aerospace or heavy industry. The rigid frame keeps vibrations low for precise results.
Gantry-Type Vision Measuring Machines
Gantry types have a moving frame like a portal. The stage is fixed, and the gantry moves over it. This allows for very large measurements, like for car parts.
They are strong and can add extra tools like lasers. Good for big workshops.
Other Types
Portable types are small and can move around. They use handheld cameras for on-site checks.
2D types measure flat surfaces, while 3D add height data with focus changes or lasers.
Each type matches specific jobs. For small parts, manual works. For large runs, go automatic.
How to Choose the Right Type
Think about what you measure. Small parts need less space. Large ones need bridge or gantry.
Consider volume. High production wants automatic. Low volume is fine with manual.
Budget is key. Start small and upgrade.
Accuracy needs vary. Electronics need high precision; general work less.
Look at software ease. Good ones have simple interfaces.
Benefits of Vision Measuring Machines
They are non-contact, so no wear on parts. Fast measurements boost output.
Accurate results reduce waste. Easy to use with training.
They integrate with other systems for data tracking.
Versatile for many shapes and materials.
Common Uses
- In electronics, check circuit boards.
- In automotive, measure engine parts.
- In medical, inspect implants.
- In plastics, verify molds.
They ensure quality in many fields.
Maintenance Tips
- Clean lenses daily to avoid dust.
- Calibrate monthly or as needed.
- Check lights and replace if dim.
- Update software for new features.
- Store in a clean, dry place.
Regular care keeps them running well.
Conclusion
Vision measuring machines come in manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic types, plus designs like bridge and gantry. They work by capturing images, detecting edges, and calculating sizes.
Pick based on your needs for best use. They improve quality control in many industries. For more info, visit https://meaxpert.com/. read more
